中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (39): 6875-6880.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.39.003

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

消除人工髋关节应力遮挡等问题的理论分析与研究

刘昌星,卢通成   

  1. 北京丰宇伟业金属器材制造有限公司,北京市  101407
  • 出版日期:2013-09-24 发布日期:2013-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 卢通成,工程师,北京丰宇伟业金属器材制造有限公司,北京市101407 Ltchfy@sina.com
  • 作者简介:刘昌星★,男,1939年生,江苏省镇江市人,汉族,1968年清华大学毕业,硕士,研究员,主要从事焊接工艺、材料及设备研究。 Ltchfy@sina.com

Theory analysis and research on the dispelled stress shielding on artificial hip joint

Liu Chang-xing, Lu Tong-cheng   

  1. Beijing Feng Yu Weiye Metal Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Beijing  101407, China
  • Online:2013-09-24 Published:2013-09-24
  • Contact: Lu Tong-cheng, Engineer, Beijing Feng Yu Weiye Metal Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China Ltchfy@sina.com
  • About author:Liu Chang-xing★, Master, Researcher, Beijing Feng Yu Weiye Metal Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China Ltchfy@sina.com

摘要:

背景:为减小应力遮挡采用了很多的方案,经过几十年的试验与应用,至今未能取得重大的进展。起源于股骨和金属柄结合为固定柄的根源,引发了骨质吸收等严重问题,这种应力遮挡效应产生于骨的异常应力和异常应变的作用,且受诸多因素的制约,找不到有效而适用的方法解决。
目的:为使金属柄不传导应力是消除应力遮挡的关键,选择初级多孔层方案作为研究的对象,彻底改造它的外貌和内在的质量,采取有效的措施制造高级多孔层,是消除应力遮挡的基础,能解决初级多孔层引发的隐患和部分劣势。
方法:采用相等直径的钴铬钼合金小球为制造高级多孔层结构件的方案,其结构件作用在股骨上使柄与骨分离,作用在领平面上由股骨距截骨面固定柄,这些结构件有能力消除人工髋关节上全部的应力遮挡。
结果与结论:高级多孔层是用相等直径(1.00-1.29 mm)的钴铬钼合金小球,在其表面镀以高性能的中间层合金,作有序紧密排列,经由活性扩散焊工艺连接而成。全部孔隙的孔径均为155-200 μm,且均匀分布,供骨单元长入。实施金属材料合金化、合金表面陶瓷化,并控制磨损颗粒的大小和数量等办法能解决多孔层周围的骨溶解、金属溶解及其纯金属钴、铬微粒的毒性、癌变和白血病等问题。理论根据的规定是先除去柄刚度的作用,让骨柄分离成为消除应力遮挡的前提,让股骨距截骨面长入领平面上焊接的结构件孔隙中,能固定柄是消除应力遮挡的根本,这两者共同的作用可以达到消除股骨中应力遮挡的目的,而髋臼窝上的应力遮挡较容易消除。

关键词: 骨关节植入物, 人工假体, 减小应力遮挡, 应力遮挡效应, 初级多孔层, 高级多孔层, 股骨距截骨面, 骨溶解, 消除其效应

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: For reducing the stress shielding, a lot of the schemes have adopted, and there is no great improvement although via the trial and the application for several ten years. It comes from a root which is the combination by thigh bone (abbreviation of the bone) and metallic handle (abbreviation of the handle) which causes the serious problems of absorption of bone quality, and this kind of stress shielding effect is produced by abnormal stress and abnormal strain, and affected by various factors, so there is no effective and applicable method to solve this problem.   
OBJECTIVE: To select the primary porous layer scheme as the subject of the study and entirely change the appearance and inherent quality as the metallic handle that cannot transmit the stress is the key to eliminate the stress shielding; making the senior porous layer with the effective measure is the basis to eliminate stress shedding and can solve the disaster and partial inferior position aroused by the primary porous layer.
METHODS: The cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy small metallic spherules with equal diameter were used to manufacture the senior porous layer structure. The structural member employed in the thigh bone could separate the handle from the bone. This structural member welded on the plane of bone neck could fix the handle with  calcar osteotomy surface. And these structural members had an ability to eliminate all the stress shieldings on the artificial hip joint surface.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The senior porous layer was made with cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy small metallic spherules with the same diameter (1.00-1.29 mm), and the surface of the porous layer was plated with high property of medium layer alloy and arranged orderly and inseparable, and then connected with active diffusion welding technology. The diameter of all the holes was 155-200 μm and distributed evenly which was benefit for the bone unit to grew. The alloying of metal materials, ceramic of alloy surface and controlling of size and number of wear particles can solve the bone dissolution of the surrounding porous layer of bone, metal dissolution as well as its pure cobalt and chromium particle toxicity, cancerization and leukemia. A stipulation of theoretical basis was to eliminate the handle rigidity firstly that could made the separation of handle from the bone became the premise for eliminating the stress shielding. The calcar osteotomy surface grew into the pores of the structural member welded on plane of bone neck could fix the handle, and that was the basis for eliminating the stress shielding. The common roles can eliminate the stress shielding in thigh bone, and the stress shielding on acetabulum is easily to eliminate.

Key words:  joint prosthesis, hip joint, femur, stress, mechanical

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